What is Dual Channel RAM?

Dual Channel RAM is a feature on the motherboard that allows increased RAM bandwidth becomes wider (wider). With Dual Channel, then the available bandwidth has doubled compared with the installation of a single-chip RAM (doubling the value of architecture). Use of Dual Channel RAM requires two pieces are identical, and it is being applied to the platform DDR PC3200, PC4200 & PC5300. Formerly known as the Dual Channel RDRAM.

With dual channel, the bandwidth provided by DDR PC3200 able to at 6.4 Gb / s, whereas for single channel only 3.2 Gb / s only.

Dual Channel is a technology on the motherboard chipset-not the RAM. Each of DDR in use can be configured in single mode mapun Dual Channel. Formerly Dual Channel configuration requires two pieces of RAM are identical (in terms of type, capacity, FSB, to the type IC). But at this point there is a technology called Intel Flex Memory Technology in the Intel motherboard platform that allows two types of RAM which are not identical (type must be identical) to be installed in Dual Channel configuration.

SODIMM (Small Outline Dual In-line Memory Module)

SODIMM RAM is the type used in the Notebook. SODIMM interface, technology and specifications about the same as regular RAM, but with a more compact size and small. SODIMM is a term that refers to the name slot of the motherboard where the RAM is installed, whereby if the motherboard of a PC called the regular DIMMs.

Today more and more important role SODIMM Notebook follow the rapid development that is used by the user. Latest technology on DDR & DDR2 SODIMM is the same as PC technology.


RAM Module Categorization

The world's known there are several categories according to type of RAM module manufacturing sebegai follows:


Fig various RAM Module

* Original modules

Original RAM Modules are produced by many leading vendors who also produce IC. Usually always use the IC Major Brand. PCBs are used sometimes with quality, but sometimes the standard (cost issue). Example: original Hynix, Micron original, Samsung original.
* Major Brand modules

Major Brand and diassembly Modules produced by certain manufacturing-order vendors maker. Usually always use the IC Major Brand, and also use high quality PCB. Example: Visipro, Kingston, Mushkin, Buffalo etc.
* OEM modules

Not using IC Major Brand (probably 1st Grade), who sometimes use the PCB quality and sometimes standard. OEM module only gives the brand on them, while the RAM they will be made by other parties. Example: TwinMos, Apacer, V-Gen.

Practical Ways to Assemble a PC Computer!

Basically, it's easy enough to assemble a PC, it's just necessary to carefully situations when mengerjakanya .. so the result is quite satisfying ourselves

Components of computer assemblers are available on the market with a wide selection of quality and price. By assembling your own computer, we can determine the type of component, capabilities and facilities of the computer according kebutuhan.Tahapan in computer assembly consists of:

A. Preparation
B. Assembly
C. Examination
D. Handling Problems Good preparation will facilitate the assembly of the computer and avoid problems that may be involved in the preparation timbul.Hal include: processor is more easily installed before the motherboard occupies the casing. How to install the processor socket and slot type socket berbeda.Jenis


Preparation

1. Computer Configuration Determination
2. Preparation Kompunen and equipment
3. Security

Computer Configuration Determination

Configuring a computer linked to the determination of the type of components and features of the computer and how all components can work as a computer system as desired kita.Penentuan starting components of the type of processor, motherboard and other components. Factors suitability or compatibility of the components on the motherboard must be considered, because each type of motherboard supports the type of processor, memory modules, ports and I / O bus that is different.

Preparation Components and Supplies

Computer components and assembly equipment to be prepared for the assembly prepared in advance to facilitate assembly. Equipment is prepared consisting of:

* Computer Components
* Completeness of components such as cables, screws, jumpers, screws, etc.
* User manuals and reference of the component
* The tools in the form of flat and philips screwdriver

Software operating system, device drivers and application programs.



Needed as a reference manual to know the chart position of connection elements (connectors, ports and slots) and element configuration (jumpers and switches) and how to set jumpers and switches are suitable for computer or CD dirakit.Diskette software needed to install the Operating System, device drivers from the device, and application programs on a computer that finished assembled.

Security

The safety precautions required to avoid problems such as damage to components by static electrical charges, falls, excessive heat or spills cairan.Pencegahan damage due to static electricity by:

* Use anti-static bracelet or touching the metal surface in the chassis before handling components to remove static charge.
* No direct touching electronic components, connectors or circuit track but holding the body of metal or plastic found on the component.



Assembly

Stages of the process on a computer assembly consists of:

1. Preparation motherboard
2. Replacing processor
3. Replacing heatsink
4. Replacing Memory Modules
5. install the motherboard on the casing
6. Install Power Supply
7. Replacing the motherboard and Casing Cable
8. Install Drive
9. Install the adapter card
10. Final Settlement

1. Preparation motherboard

Check your motherboard manual to find out the position of jumpers for CPU speed setting, speed multiplier and input voltage to the motherboard. Set a jumper as instructed, the error set the voltage jumpers can damage the processor.



2. Replacing processor

1. Determine the position of pin 1 on the processor and the processor socket on the motherboard, usually located on the corner marked with a dot, triangle or indentation.
2. Enforce the position of the locking lever to open the socket.
3. Insert the processor into the socket by first aligning the position of the legs of the processor with the socket holes. Squeeze your until there is no gap between the processor with the socket.
4. Lower back the locking lever.

Slot Type


1. Put buffer (bracket) at the two ends of the slot on the motherboard so that the position of peg holes with a hole in the motherboard meet
2. Enter then the locking pegs pegs pegs in holes

Slide the card processor in between the two anchoring and press it to fit exactly into the hole slot.



Several types of chassis is equipped with power supply. When the power supply is not included then the way the installation as follows:

3. Install Heatsink

Heatsink function is to remove heat generated by the processor via the conduction of heat from the processor to optimize heat transfer heatsink.Untuk the heatsink should be fitted tightly on the top of the processor with some clip as a drag while the contacts on the heatsink surface coated panas.Bila Conductor gene equipped with a fan heatsink then the power connector on the fan is connected to the fan connector on the motherboard.



4. Replacing Memory Modules

Memory modules are generally installed sequentially from the smallest socket number. The order of installation can be seen from the diagram motherboard.Setiap the SIMM memory module type, DIMM and RIMM can be distinguished by the position of grooves on the sides and bottom of the modul.Cara set for each type of memory module as follows.

SIMM Type

1. Adjust the position of grooves on the module with the bumps in the slot.
2. Insert the module by making a 45 degree angle sloping toward the slot
3. Push until the module is upright in the slot, the locking lever on the slot will automatically lock the module.





Type DIMM and RIMM

How to install a DIMM and RIMM modules together and there is only one way that will not be reversed because there are two grooves for guidance. Perbedaanya DIMM and RIMM at the position curve

1. Lay locking catches on the end of slots
2. adjust the position of grooves on the connector module with a bulge in the slot. then insert the module into the slot.
3. Locking latches automatically lock the module in the slot when the module is installed right.





5. Replacing the motherboard on the casing

The motherboard is installed into the casing with a screw and holder (standoff). How to install as follows:

1. Determine the position of holes to each holder of plastic and metal. The hole for the metal holder (metal spacer) is characterized by a ring at the edge of the hole.
2. Install metal or plastic holder on the tray casing in accordance with the position of each corresponding mounting holes on the motherboard.
3. Place the motherboard on the casing so that the head holder tray out of the hole on the motherboard. Replace the locking screw on each metal holder.
4. Attach frame I / O ports (I / O sheild) on the motherboard if any.
5. Put tray casing which is mounted the motherboard on the casing and lock with a screw.



6. Install Power Supply

1. Enter the power supply at the rack on the back of the casing. Attach the four locking screws.
2. Connect the power connector from the power supply to the motherboard. ATX power connector types have only one way of installation so as not to be reversed. For this type of non-ATX with two separate connectors, the cable-black ground wires must be placed side by side and mounted in the middle of the motherboard power connector. Connect the power cord for the fan, if using a fan for cooling the CPU.



7. Replacing the motherboard and Casing Cable

After the motherboard installed in the chassis next step is installing the cable I / O on the motherboard and the panel with the chassis.

1. Connect the data cable for the floppy drive on the floppy controller on the motherboard connector
2. Connect the IDE cable to the primary and secondary IDE connector on the motherboard.
3. For non-ATX motherboard. Connect the serial and parallel port cable to the connector on the motherboard. Note the position of pin 1 to install.
4. On the back of the casing there is a hole to install additional types of non-slot port. Open the lock plate screw hole closed lalumasukkan port connector ports that want to set up and install a screw back.
5. When the mouse is not yet available ports on the back of the card casing mouse connector should be installed and connected to the mouse connector on the motherboard.
6. Cable connections from the switch connector on the chassis front panel, LED, internal speakers and ports installed in front of the casing if there is to the motherboard. Check your motherboard diagram to locate the proper connector.







8. Install Drive

The procedure to install the hard disk drive, floppy, CD ROM, CD-RW or DVD is the same as follows: How to install the adapter: The computer that you just assembled can be tested with the BIOS setup program. How do the tests with the BIOS program as follows:

1. Pellet dislodged cover drive bay (space for drives in the chassis)
2. Enter from the front drive bays with the first set the jumper settings (as master or slave) on the drive.
3. Adjust the position of screw holes in the drive and the casing and insert the retaining screw drive.
4. Connect the IDE cable connector to the drive and the connector on the motherboard (the connector is used first primary)
5. Repeat steps 1 samapai 4 for each installation drive.
6. When the IDE cable connected to the du drives make sure the jumper settings are differences both the first drive set as master and the other as slave.
7. Secondary IDE connector on the motherboard can be used to connect two additional drives.
8. Floppy drive is connected to a special connector on the motherboard floppy

Connect the power cord from the power supply to each drive.

Common adapter card that is installed for the video cards, sound, network, modem and SCSI adapters. Video card should generally be mounted and installed before any other adapter card.



9. Installing Adapter Card

1. Hold the adapter card on edge, avoid touching the component or electronic circuit. Press the card to plug right into the expansion slot on the motherboard
2. Install the retaining screw into the chassis card
3. Reconnect the internal cable card, if any.

rakit18.jpg

10. End Penyelessaian

1. Replace the chassis cover by sliding
2. connect the cable from the power supply into the wall socket.
3. Connect the monitor to the port video card.
4. Plug the phone cord into the modem port if any.
5. Connect the keyboard cable connector and plug the mouse into the mouse port or serial poert (depending on the type of mouse).
6. Connect other external devices such as speakers, joystick, and microphone if there is to the appropriate port. Check the manual of the adapter card to make sure the location of the port.



Examination

1. Turn on the monitor and system unit. Note the display monitor and sound from the speakers.
2. FOST program of the BIOS will automatically detect the installed computer hardware. If there are errors then display a blank screen and the speaker emits an alert beep on a regular basis as a code indication of errors. Check the reference BIOS code to find fault indication in question by a beep code.
3. If no error occurs, the monitor displays the execution of the POST program. ekan BIOS interrupt button according to the instructions on screen to enter the BIOS setup program.
4. Check all the hardware detection by the BIOS setup program. Some settings may have changed its value, especially the capacity of hard drives and boot sequence.
5. Save changes to the settings and exit the BIOS setup.

After exiting the BIOS setup, the computer will load the operating system with appropriate search order settings in the BIOS boot sequence. Insert the bootable diskette or CD containing the operating system to drive the search.

Handling Problems

Problems that commonly occur in computer assembly and handling, among others:

1. Computer or monitor is not lit, probably caused by the switch or power cord is not connected.
2. Card adapter is not detected due to the installation of card not fitting into the slot /

Image Components And Functions Computer Parts

Perhaps many of us do not understand the computer parts and functions, little information about the glimpse of the components and functions of the computer along with a brief description and images of computer components that may add insight into our computer science.

The first part, Motherboard

Main components of a computer is a very important role in the stability of the computer's performance, in this section all the other components are installed and berkomnukasi mutual arrangement among the sections here are also arranged throughout the performance computer, the motherboard specifications very influence the resistance to process a computer, especially for gamers or designers who prefer the acceleration

Part Two, Processor

Componen that one often in the brain like a computer, as the name processor is the component in charge of processing the order and logic provided by your computer, there are many types of processor that is comparable with that developed software in the market because they are required to perform many jobs sometimes the time greeting one processor that we use elections to be right, because if it reached the wrong choice will result in the slow process of working a computer that would impact on the work of computer users langusng

Part Three, Memory, or RAM (Random Access Memory)

When my URLs processor is the water pump and water are the data in the process, then the memory or RAM is a temporary container vessel that serves to accommodate the data that has been processed by the processor before the stream gets parts that require, banayknya development conducted in this section makes us more easily in the selection of a suitable ram for our work, especially now that almost all brands of applying the system of lifetime warranty on the ram.

Part Four, Video Card (VGA)

Functions of the Video card is processing the image before it is displayed to the monitor, the number of image processing needs for gamers or designers who reached into the bag requires a rather deep, lucky now to the user's office computer graphics video has been integrated into the motherboard so it is more save expenses.

Part Five, Hardisk

The function of the hard drive as storage media on the computer, the right capacity, of course, affect the amount of data we can store, plus a large buffer that will help speed the transfer, both among the hard drive or to process a program. Another function of the hard drive for data that is mobile penyimapanan with minimal addition of casings on the laptop hard drive.

Part Six, Optical Disk Drive (ODD)

The main function for reading in the media CD or DVD, is a function now less desirable because of the large storage media that is mobile and larger capacity than CD, DVD or Blueray which can be accessed directly without using a CD or DVD

Part Seven, Monitor

Monitor function to display images from the video card, perhaps more than the LCD monitor tube (CRT) in addition to ore demand for electricity is relatively small and efficient, relatively kecilpun space needs to be an important point of transition from CRT to LCD, although the community many are switching to LCD , some professions such as design or layouts more likely to survive in CRT monitors

Section Eight, Mouse + Keyboard

The two items above serves as input a computer, not much can I describe in this section, the only comfort the hands and fingers that may become an important pawn us before purchasing this part.

Section Nine, Casing and Power Supply

Chassis and power supply is usually a package in the computer, which serves as home computers and as the electricity provider that will deliver on all parts of the computer. various forms and models of existing casing can often deceive us about the computer analysis of a good or naughty because human nature is more likely to see from the cover before asking it.

Computer parts - Hard Drive

Hard disk is permanent data storage media, so data is not lost even if power is switched off. Hard drives contain magnetic disk capable of storing data. The size of hard disk expressed in Byte (B), for example: 160GB (160 billion bytes). Harddisk was first discovered by Reynold Johnson in 1956. The first hard drive size 4.4 MB.
Parts of the hard drive

Parts of the hard drive

Part of Hard Disk

1. Spindle

Harddisk composed of spindle rotation at the center of the pieces of magnetic disk data storage. Spindle is spinning rapidly, therefore it must use high quality bearings.

Formerly hard drive using the ball bearings but now the hard drive is using a fluid bearing. With the fluid bearing friction and noise level can be minimized. Spindle is a decisive round of the hard disk. The faster the spin the faster rpm hard drive data transfer.

2. Magnetic disks (Magnetic Disk)

In this magnetic disk data storage performed on the disk. The disc-shaped magnetic thin plate with a shape such as a CD-R. In the disk there are some magnetic discs.

Harddisk who first made, consisting of 50 dish size magnetic disk 0.6 meters and rotates with the speed of 1200 rpm. Currently disk rotation speed has reached 10.000rpm to achieve 3.0 Gbps data transfer.

3. Read-write head

Read-write head is the maker of data from magnetic disks. Head is floating a short distance with a thin magnetic disc. Formerly head in direct contact with the magnetic discs causing wear on the surface because of friction. Now between the head and the magnetic discs already are spaced so that the hard drive longer life.

Read-write head is made of materials had been developed, ranging from Ferrite head, MIG (Metal-In-Gap) head, TF (Thin Film) Head, (Anisotropic) Magnetoresistive (MR / AMR) Heads, GMR (Giant Magnetoresistive) Heads and now used are CMR (Colossal Magnetoresistive) Heads.

4. Enclosure

Enclosure is the outer layer wrapping the hard disk. Enclosure serves to protect all parts of the hard drive so as not exposed to dust, moisture and other things that can cause data loss.

In the enclosure there is breath filter which makes hard drives are not airtight, it aims to remove the heat that is inside the hard drive because the process of spindle rotation and the reading of the Read-write head.

5. Interfacing Module

Interfacing module is a set of electronic circuit that controls the inner workings of the hard disk, process the data from the head and produce data that is ready to be read by the next process. Interfacing the first module is a system widely used IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) with a system that has ATA 40-pin connection.

The newest technology is the technology of interfacing module Serial ATA (SATA). With the single SATA hard disk is handled by a separate bus inside the chipset, so the handling is faster and efficient. SATA hard drives are now gradually replacing the old ATA hard drive began to disappear from the market.

Hard Drive Data Unit

Unit disk data expressed in Byte (B) and units of data transfer disk expressed in bits (b). Now that 500GB hard drive size has reached even 1000 GB (1 Terra Byte), so that storing data become more liberal.

Why the property is not the same size hard drive hard drive capacity?

Please note that 1 KB = 1024 B 1000B so it is not, so 1GB is not 1.000.000.000B but 1.073.741.824B.

Some well-known hard drive manufacturer

1. Seagate
2. Maxtor
3. West Digital
4. Quantum
5. Samsung

Drive Technology

1. RAID (Redundancy Array of Independent Disks)

RAID is a technology combining several hard disk by a computer operating system is considered to be one hard drive. This concept was first defined by David A. Patterson, Garth A. Gibson and Randy Katz at the University of California, Berkeley in 1987.

The advantage is increased speed RAID disk access. By replacing a large disk with a few small hard drive it is possible to read data in parallel on each disk. Diibatatkan RAID disk that produces a database of data in parallel in accordance with index addressing the hard disk.

2. SMART (Self Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology)

SMART is disk performance monitoring technology. With the SMART hard drive detects an error and report this error to the system. SMART paertama times spearheaded by Compaq, but now almost all uses SMART technology.

The advantages of using SMART is the presence of an early warning of abnormalities that occurred on the disk so that users can perform preventive measures such as back-up data.

Know Your Computer VGA Card

komp_mengenal1Kehadiran VGA card (Video Graphics Array) or VGA card is vital, because it affects the quality of image display on a computer screen. What should be considered when dressing a computer with a VGA card?

In an age of DOS, the display graphics on PCs have become an important item. Computer screen is usually in the form of alphanumeric characters that originally monochrome. Then the monitor screen capable of displaying color, but the resolution is low and the images displayed are also generally primitive.

Everything changed when Microsoft introduced Windows. Operating systems with graphical interfaces are demanding more performance from graphics components. Windows is one of the important factors that encourage the development of graphics technology.

Components that process the data before it is displayed graphically on the monitor screen is usually shaped card that is attached to one slot in the computer. Also a lot of the motherboards that integrate graphics adapter into circuit board, thus not requiring a separate card. This card is commonly called the graphics card or VGA card (Video Graphics Array).

At first graphics card to process only two-dimensional images only. With the popularity of those games that use 3D, aka three-dimensional view, such as Doom and Quake on the PC, users began to demand a 3D view of the prime. The ability to process 3D image is then added to the graphics card.

The ability to display 3D images are not only beneficial for gaming applications, but also other applications such as Computer Aided Design (CAD).

Currently, the development of graphics cards primarily focus on business displays realistic 3D graphics with the highest possible speed. Figure 2D is no longer much concern.

How to Build a PC

Here is a video tutorial computer assembling. From the preparation of the tools in need until the ignition process komputer.hopefully help those of you who need ..>

Reducing the Cost Performance of Your Computer

Computers that we use over time will feel increasingly slow and 'heavy', is due to our computer's performance burden increasingly heavy.
Here's my bit to give some tips to reduce the burden on your computer's performance.

- Step 1
The first step to accelerate the boot via the BIOS.

- Step 2
For Windows XP, start by opening the System Configuration Utility. (Start-> Run-> type "msconfig").
On the BOOT.INI tab, check the "/ NOGUIBOOT", this will shorten the boot time by removing the Windows startup screen.
On the Startup tab, uncheck the services that really are not needed.
On the tab do the same service as in the Startup tab.

- Step 3
This setting can you do if you are concerned with the speed of Windows XP from the graphics or the look of Windows XP.
Resetting this interface can increase the speed.
Go to Control Panel and click System, then select the Advanced tab.
On the Performance click the Settings option, then the Visual Effects tab select "Adjust for Best Performance".

- Step 4
Not using the minimization of the number of desktop wallpaper and icons also can speed up your PC.

- Step 5
Not using Windows Start sound on event can also speed up the boot process.
Go to Control Panel and click on "Sounds and Audio Devices" and select the Sounds tab.
In the Sound scheme select No Sounds.

- Step 6
Reduce the number of fonts that are not so important in your Windows.
because the greater the number of fonts installed will increase your PC's workload.
Windows by default include a number of less than 100 fonts.
Keep the number of fonts installed not more than 150 fonts.

- Step 7
You must diligently to update the driver, because the files are still using the old drivers to slow down your PC.